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Chunk #29 — Discussion

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Three mutually informative ways to understand the genetic relationships among behavioral disinhibition, alcohol use, drug use, nicotine use/dependence, and their co-occurrence: twin biometry, GCTA, and genome-wide scoring.
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There were apparent pleiotropic effects observed in the biometric twin heritability estimates. The genetic correlations between disorders (Figure 1) were relatively high (.25 – .47), such that one can expect genetic variants for one disorder to predict from 7% to 22% of the phenotypic variance in another disorder. A genome-wide score developed on one phenotype accounted for .1% to 0.5% of the variance in other phenotypes (squaring the minimum and maximum correlation provided in Table 3), again indicating some extent of pleiotropy in the associated SNPs.