In combining data across the three studies, we did not attempt, given differences in study design and implementation, to harmonize every aspect of individual study analysis and QC. For the UK, DGI and FUSION studies respectively, 393,143, 378,860 and 306,222 SNPs were analyzed under an additive model. The genomic control values for these directly genotyped SNPs were 1.08 (UK), 1.06 (DGI) and 1.03 (FUSION) (Supplementary Methods).