At follow-up, participants were administered digit span from the WAIS-III. With the exception of the actual digits used, digit span forward and backward from the WISC-R/III and WAIS-III are identical in administration and scoring. The WISC-III and WAIS-III manuals provided normative data for maximum/longest digit span forward and backward from their respective standardization samples stratified by age. These data were used to generate age-corrected z-scores for each participant’s digit span forward and backward raw score.
