For all experiments, data are represented as mean ± SD or SEM of three to five biological replicates. Statistical significance was determined using a two-tailed homoscedastic Student's t test or one-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer post hoc test for differences of means between each group of data with parametric distribution. Significant comparisons are labeled in the figures as ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗p < 0.001.
