In order to advance our ability to understand GWAS data, the field will need to undertake further large-scale efforts to generate sufficient functional characterization of changes in brain gene and protein expression in patients and during development, and to move beyond schizophrenia and bipolar disorder to address many other disorders. The exploration and availability of large patient data sets is valuable. There are a number of initiatives in large, deeply phenotyped longitudinal samples aimed at mapping psychiatric genetic discoveries onto imaging, neurophysiological, and behavioral traits, to establish aetiologically related intermediate phenotypes that could be useful in the development of novel therapeutics. These and many other efforts aimed at linking genetic variations associated with risk with circuitry and molecular targets are a needed next step.
