In addition, we annotated 8,801 automatically derived small RNAs and 9,640 manually curated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) loci 17. Comparing lncRNAs to other ENCODE data indicates that lncRNAs are generated through a pathway similar to that for protein coding genes17. The GENCODE project also annotated 11,224 pseudogenes, of which 863 were transcribed and associated with active chromatin18.