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Chunk #19 — 3. Results

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Alcohol stigma and persistence of alcohol and other psychiatric disorders: a modified labeling theory approach.
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Sample characteristics are displayed in Table 1. Respondents were mostly male, white, currently married, and had greater than a high school education. Approximately 72% met criteria for past-year AUD (hence, their AUD was persistent) and the remaining 28% were AUD-remitted. In the sample, 50% had a prior-to-past-year internalizing disorder (i.e., they met criteria for a lifetime W1 diagnosis and/or a prior-to-past year W2 diagnosis) and 33% had past-year internalizing disorder at W2 (which were not mutually exclusive). About 31% of the sample had persistent internalizing disorder (prior-to-past-year and past-year internalizing disorder), 20% had prior-to-past year disorder that was remitted, 2.6% had incident disorder, and 47% did not have internalizing disorder in their lifetime (not shown). The prevalence of past-year psychiatric disorder and prior psychiatric disorders was significantly higher for those labeled as alcoholic (per their prior treatment or perceived need) than unlabeled. Those in the labeled group had lower family incomes, less education, lower levels of perceived social support and social involvement, and were more likely to have a first-degree relative or a live-in partner with alcohol problems. Age, gender,