consumption criteria for all drugs to be included in the DSM-V. This work promises to improve immensely the diagnostic utility of substance use disorders in the DSM-V, but additionally to provide for the development of psychometrically sound measures of severity of substance use disorders that discriminate across the entire range of their severity. This, in turn, will improve the assessment of stage of disease for any given individual, inform the development of improved treatment approaches for differing severity levels of substance dependence, and accelerate the important etiologic work that lies ahead.