Cross-frequency coupling is gaining significant interest within the electrophysiological community (Canolty and Knight, 2010; Dvorak and Fenton, 2014; Aru et al., 2015; Hyafil et al., 2015), and therefore it is important for researchers to consider the methodological pitfalls and caveats which commonly arise during PAC analysis. Firstly, due to the presence of edge artifacts at the start and end of time-series created by bandpass filtering, which can result in artefactual PAC (Kramer et al., 2008), sufficient padding should be included around trials. Concatenating data from separate trials to create longer data segments results in similar edge artifacts (Kramer et al., 2008), and should be avoided. Secondly, if the bandwidth of the filter used to extract the amplitude does not contain the side-bands of the modulating phase frequency, PAC cannot be detected even if present (Dvorak and Fenton, 2014). The use of a variable band-pass filter which scales with amplitude frequency, can alleviate this issue and improve the sensitivity of detecting PAC (Berman et al., 2012; Voloh et al., 2015). Thirdly, periods which contain non-stationary periods should be avoided. This includes
