Source localization methods generally fall into one of three categories: parametric overdetermined methods such as time-varying dipole fitting (Scherg and Von Cramon, 1985), scanning methods (including beamformers and the MUSIC algorithm), and distributed inverse methods. While MNE-Python does not provide dipole-fitting functionality, it does implement multiple beamformer methods and distributed inverse methods. The most popular of these is the software namesake MNE, which stands for Minimum-Norm Estimate (Wang et al., 1992; Hämäläinen and Ilmoniemi, 1994), and its variants which include dSPM (Dale et al., 2000) and sLORETA (Pascual-Marqui, 2002).
