Relatively large increases in weight between the ages of 2 and 7 years were associated with adolescent overweight and metabolic profile, particularly in adolescents whose mothers smoked during pregnancy.19 Childhood fatness, and increases therein during adolescence, predicted adolescent cardiometabolic risk and insulin resistance. In boys, physical fitness appeared to protect against the detrimental effects of fatness.20 Overall and abdominal adiposity was associated with common variation in the FTO gene; overweight was additionally related to variation near the MC4R gene.21
