Oscillatory activity may be a general mechanism for the coordination of activity within neural circuits, and disruptions of synchronization among neurons could impact a wide range of cognitive processes (Uhlhaas and Singer, 2010). Disturbed neural synchrony and oscillatory activity may therefore contribute to failures of effective connectivity and neural integration in the illness (Basar and Guntekin, 2008; Uhlhaas and Singer, 2011; Whittington, 2008). While non-invasive measures cannot detect cellular signaling at the level of individual neurons, the electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetoencephalogram (MEG) can capture the synchronous activity in ensembles of neuronal populations. Moreover, since both EEG and MEG are primarily generated by post-synaptic potentials, they are often sensitive to alterations in neurotransmission secondary to brain dysfunction or pharmacological manipulations (Luck et al., 2011). Thus, these neurophysiological measures have the potential to serve as biomarkers for the disturbances of synchronization and oscillatory activity with high temporal resolution. Waking EEG and MEG activity has received intermittent attention as a potential indicator of altered neurotransmission in BD. A recent review of the BD literature suggests that increased theta and delta and decreased alpha
