determinants of alcohol dependence. Hub genes within these molecular networks conceivably act across species as 25/104 the core genes coincide with the aforementioned meta-analysis of alcohol drinking behavior in mice 45. Probing specific targets across species may highlight unknown pathways in human brain relevant for alcohol use disorders. PAK1 is one concurrent example, acting as a regulator of dendritic spine formation and remodeling, 52, 53 and may be important in cortical development and neuroadaptations underlying addiction 54.
