While acknowledging the limitations of our work, we note that this work complements prior research on parent monitoring (24, 29, 38), and provides novel and significant findings. In addition to estimating how parent monitoring may alter the overall genetic risk, we extended the results to adults, and more importantly to the study of specific risk genotypes. It is also important to note that the difference in results between our two SNPs suggest that environmental modification of genetic risk is not uniform. Therefore, it is critical to look at specific genetic risks as some may be modified by an environmental factor while other genetic risks may not be.