when counseling patients with new diagnoses and their families. However, it is important to note that many other neuropsychiatric conditions can be associated with TS that were not examined in this study. Other population-based studies have reported high rates of disruptive behaviors in children with tics,21,33 and a recent population-based study found that 92% of community-based TS cases had at least one additional neuropsychiatric condition including OCD, ADHD, depression, conduct disorder, developmental coordination disorder, learning disability, sleep disorder, or mental retardation.4
