A final consideration is that the findings of this initial investigation could be expanded to utilize the genetic information inherent in twin cohorts to better understand the genetic underpinnings of the relationship between aggression and ASPD. This would fit well within the aims of the ACTION (Aggression in Children: unraveling gene-environment interplay to inform Treatment and InterventiON strategies; http://www.action-euproject.eu/) consortium, of which the FinnTwin12 study is a part.