Although participants were not directly asked about race-related issues in research participation, there were two references to race when participants spoke of drawbacks or concerns about genetic research. The infamous Tuskegee Syphilis Study, which involved research negligence with Black participants that caused long-lasting deleterious effects, has been frequently referenced as a reason for the distrust of biomedical research among African Americans. Even though at least one response demonstrated elements of racial distrust, contrary to our expectations, racial themes were not frequently brought up—even among groups in which all the respondents were Black.
