The Wave 2 NESARC data included the 12-item Perceived Devaluation-Discrimination scale (PDD) (Link 1987), adapted for use in measuring PAS (α=0.82) (Ruan et al. 2008). The PDD was administered to all Wave 2 respondents (regardless of alcohol consumption status) after the alcohol section of the interview. Seven PDD items assessed perceived discrimination (e.g. “Most employers will pass over the application of a former alcoholic in favor of another applicant”). Five items assessed perceived devaluation, (e.g. “Most people feel that entering alcohol treatment is a sign of personal failure”). Responses were measured with a six-point Likert-type scale, ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. Six items used reverse wording to prevent response biases. Items with reverse wording were recoded so higher scores indicated higher levels of PAS. The PDD items, their endorsement proportions, and information about reverse wording and a priori dimensions (i.e. perceived devaluation and perceived discrimination) are provided in Supplement A.
