We next evaluated whether nicotine treatment induced a change in the other side of the energy balance equation. Nicotine-treated rats showed a significant increase in body temperature (Fig. 1E) associated with higher EE (Fig. 1F; area under the curve: vehicle: 100 ± 2.4; nicotine: 132 ± 9.1; P < 0.01), increased LA (Fig. 1G), and reduced RQ (Fig. 1H) compared with vehicle-treated rats. Overall, these data indicate that nicotine treatment induced negative energy balance, including decreased feeding, increased EE, and increased lipid oxidation.
