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Chunk #10 — Results

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Sex differences in genetic architecture of complex phenotypes?
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Thrill and Adventure Seeking and Sensation Seeking (Figure 2A and 2B). The subsequent model fitting analyses for these traits (Table S7A, B, C) suggested that different genes are expressed in adult men and women (γ in DOS pairs of respectively 0.36 and 0.2). The childhood data showed higher correlations in dos-twin pairs compared to same- sex twin pairs for 24 of the 40 traits (Figure 2C–2E), suggesting that complex mechanisms such as social interactions, or rater contrast effects [8]–[9] may play a role when parental ratings of child behaviors are analyzed. For phenotypes from the Brain and Cognition domain, all correlations were equal in DZss and DZos pairs (Figure 3), except for adult Educational Attainment where a higher correlation in DZF twin pairs compared to DZM or DZos twin pairs was seen, suggesting that sex-linked dominant loci could play a role [10]. No sex-differences were observed for BMI and Height in adults (Figure 4A). In the younger sample (Figure 4B), there were some differences in DZ twin correlations for BMI in 14-year old twin pairs and DZos correlations for Height were significantly lower in 7-year old twins compared to DZss pairs Figure 5 shows no differences between correlations in DZss