Finally, the presumed palatability of a solution can be inferred from facial expressions and/or gustatory-associated behaviors when a novel flavor is tasted [c.f. (Bachmanov et al. 2003;Kiefer 1995)]. One would hypothesize that selectively bred high alcohol-consuming rat lines will display more appetitive/ingestive responses and fewer aversive responses to oral infusions of alcohol than their low alcohol-consuming counterparts. Findings from a study with AA versus ANA rats support this hypothesis (Badia-Elder, Kiefer 1999). In addition, although the msP rat line does not have a low alcohol-consuming counterpart, it is noteworthy that aversive reactivity to oral infusion of alcohol is virtually absent in this line of rat (Polidori et al. 1998). However, the hypothesis for increased appetitive/ingestive responding in high versus low alcohol-consuming rat lines does not always hold in the alcohol-naïve state (i.e., under initial test conditions). For example, P and NP rats have similar initial orofacial and behavioral responses to the taste and smell of alcohol. However P, but not NP, rats significantly increase their appetitive/ingestive as well as significantly decrease their aversive responses after chronic access to alcohol and
