(SCID) (Spitzer et al., 1995) to establish lifetime substance dependence diagnoses. The diagnosis of suicide attempt was implemented by A.R. after interviewing the patient with a standard series of clinical questions and reviewing all available collateral information, e.g. from mental health program staff, medical records, treating physicians. A suicide attempt was defined as a self-destructive act with some intent to end one’s life that was not self-mutilatory in nature. Actions without suicide intent such as delicate self cutting and accidental drug overdose were excluded.