P3AR is classically studied in the time-domain by its trial-averaged amplitude or peak-latency (time-delay from stimulus). The convention of doing so adopts the “evoked” model of ERP generation which assumes that: 1) P3-voltage is fixed in polarity and latency relative to stimulus-onset (i.e. it is phase-locked), 2) there is an increase from post- relative to pre-stimulus EEG power, and 3) all non-phase-locked EEG is additive noise and suppressed by averaging (Shah et al., 2004). Indeed, evoked P3 has been tractable in the prediction of substance use and related disorders (Euser et al., 2012). Some have even extended time-domain evoked P3AR to the time-frequency domain which affords information about the ERP’s energy at specific times and frequencies. For instance, evoked P3 is comprised primarily of superimposed delta (1 – 3 Hz) and theta (4 – 8 Hz) frequency oscillations (Basar et al., 1999; Bernat et al., 2007; Karakas et al., 2000). Our group and others have shown that parietal evoked delta underlying the time-domain P3 peak explains a large portion of the variance in P3AR’s association with externalizing psychopathology (Gilmore et
