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Chunk #12 — DISCUSSION

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A regulatory variation in OPRK1, the gene encoding the kappa-opioid receptor, is associated with alcohol dependence.
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Our study demonstrates that an indel 1986 bp upstream of the translational start site in OPRK1 reduces promoter activity by about half and is associated with alcohol dependence. These data represent the demonstration of a functional variant in OPRK1 that is associated with alcoholism.