before 11 years being at elevated risk compared with ages 11–14 years in a model controlling for demographic and other adolescent substance use variables (OR 1.68, p<0.05). The authors were particularly interested in evaluating a sensitive period hypothesis, that vulnerability was greater if AFD occurred between ages 11 years and 14 years, and found no evidence to support this. Although AFD itself was not generally associated with adult alcohol problems, the authors found that initiation of regular drinking between 15 years to 17 years of age was consistently associated with alcohol misuse and dependence.
