not decrease lever pressing because it induced depressive-like behaviors, as many cholinomimetics do when administered systemically (Williams and Adinoff, 2008). In fact, OxoSQ at the higher dose used, when injected in the LDTg, slightly increased the activity of animals during the first hour (Fig 5). Of course, we cannot completely rule out the possibility that this non-significant increase in locomotion altered the operant behavior.