The evolution of genetic analysis of traits has revealed the power of testing markers across the whole genome to identify novel factors involved in disease and has shown that large samples are required to determine true biologic associations. This, in turn, has underscored the desirability of accessible resources and data, such as the human genome sequence and the haplotype map from the HapMap project, for these and future techniques. The generation of population-control data for genomewide association studies by the Wellcome Trust and other groups, while initially expensive, has been useful to many independent research groups and proved to be an economical approach. A similarly useful resource will be the 1000 Genomes Project, a large international effort that aims to identify all single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with a prevalence of 1% or more in the human genome. This effort will focus on resequencing samples from the initial and extended HapMap populations from around the world. Even with new sequencing techniques, this is a monumental effort. However, it is still likely to be only a first installment. To reliably determine the pathogenicity
