greatest power. Finally, in order to test how power of the 2-stage designs for the four proposed follow-up platforms were impacted by different combinations of susceptibility allele frequency and GRR, we calculated power with K =0.10 (assuming NPU = 5,000) using susceptibility allele frequencies of fD = 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 and GRRs ranging from 1.2 to 1.5. Additional power calculations for other study designs using the Cochran-Armitage trend test, the general two-degree of-freedom test of association, and both dominant and recessive models are provided in the Supplementary material.
