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Chunk #0 — 1. Introduction

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Lower Prefrontal and Hippocampal Volume and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Differences Reflect Structural and Functional Abnormalities in Abstinent Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder.
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Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is reported to have adverse effects on brain structure and function (Squeglia et al., 2014a, Zahr and Pfefferbaum, 2017, Zahr et al., 2017). Compared to various clinical syndromes associated with alcohol use, gross brain pathology is generally absent in uncomplicated AUD (Zahr and Pfefferbaum, 2017). However, the effects of long-term alcohol use on the brain in those with uncomplicated AUD may manifest in subtle structural abnormalities that persist following abstinence from alcohol, potentially contributing to mild to moderate impairment of higher-order cognitive functioning characterized as memory, executive function, visuospatial ability, and social cognitive deficits (Easton et al., 2008, Ferrett et al., 2010, Johansen-Berg, 2010, Kopera et al., 2012, Le Berre et al., 2017, Sullivan et al., 2010). However, expected correlations between simple measures such as brain volumes and performance on relevant neuropsychological tests in AUD have not always been observed (Zahr et al., 2017). Instead, fronto-fugal circuits, including frontocerebellar, frontolimbic, and frontostriatal networks affected by AUD, have been proposed to underlie some of the distinct cognitive and motor function impairments observed in AUD (Sullivan and Pfefferbaum,