in the ventral tegmental area suppresses the activity of inhibitory GABAergic interneurons, resulting in disinhibition of dopamine neurons and dopamine release from terminals in the ventral striatum.66 OPRM1 A118G variation is a genetic determinant of the striatal dopamine response to alcohol in men,66 with a preliminary study of tobacco smoking confirming this result.67 Although we believe in the importance of the above-mentioned genes in ND based on rigorous scientific evidence, the inconsistent results are worth further examination.68-72
