LR was originally measured through alcohol challenges (e.g., Heath et al., 1999; King et al., 2016; Schuckit and Gold, 1988; Volavka et al., 1996), but these cannot be performed in individuals below the age of consent, and are expensive and time consuming. Thus, our group developed the Self-Report of the Effects of Alcohol (SRE) questionnaire, a retrospective measure of the number of standard drinks required across four potential effects in three time frames, including the approximate first five times of consuming alcohol (SRE5-LR), a period when acquired tolerance is unlikely to have developed (Ray et al., 2010; Schuckit et al., 2009b). SRE-based LRs are genetically influenced (Schuckit et al., 2001) and predict later heavy drinking and alcohol-related problems in drinking individuals as young as age 13, even after controlling for baseline alcohol intake and other characteristics (e.g., Chung and Martin, 2009; Schuckit et al., 2007, 2008). Alcohol challenge-based LR values and SRE results overlap approximately 0.60 in predicting future adverse alcohol-related outcomes (Schuckit et al., 2009b).
