EAS). Phenotypic descriptive statistics are given in Supplementary Table 12. Across the full Add Health sample, approximately 41% ever smoke regularly and reported an average of 7.3 cigarettes per day. For each polygenic score, we used only HapMap3 variants and those with MAF > 0.01. We used each Add Health ancestry group as its own LD reference panel for construction of each polygenic score, after removing related individuals, except for EAS in which we use 1000 Genomes due to the small sample size in Add Health.