However, significant species differences could prevent the recapitulation of full human disease phenotypes in animals such as mice, which are the most commonly used animal models. For example, although many transgenic mouse models have been created for Alzheimer’s disease, none has captured the entire spectrum of the human disease pathology, including considerable neuronal loss7,8. This is likely due to fundamental species differences between mouse and human neural cells. Thus, there is an urgent need to establish human disease modeling platforms to complement studies in animal models for biomedical research.
