Chunk #2 — Background

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The quantitative trait linkage disequilibrium test: a more powerful alternative to the quantitative transmission disequilibrium test for use in the absence of population stratification.

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Because population structure will affect only the parameter βb, a robust test of association is obtained by comparing a model in which both βb and βw are freely estimated with a model in which βw is fixed at 0. Moreover, the presence of stratification can be inferred when the estimates of βb and βw differ significantly.