A total of 10 studies used MBT in patients without a clinically defined anxiety or mood disorder, but met our criteria for elevated levels of anxiety at pre-treatment: two studies in cancer populations (Tacon, Caldera, & Ronaghan, 2004; Tacon, Caldera, & Ronaghan, 2005), four studies in populations with pain (Grossman, Tiefenthaler-Gilmer, Raysz, & Kesper, 2007; Lush et al., 2009; Sagula & Rice, 2004; Rosenzweig et al., 2009), three studies in populations with other medical problems (Schulte, 2007; Surawy, Roberts, and Silver, 2005 Studies 1 and 2), and one study using a sample with Binge Eating Disorder (Kristeller & Hallett, 1999). The average pre-post effect size estimate (Hedges’ g) based on these studies was 0.67 (95% CI: 0.47-0.87, p < .01). The fail-safe N was robust at 401 (z-value = 12.55). The average pre-post effect size estimate (Hedges’ g) for the 15 studies that did not have elevated levels of anxiety symptoms at pre-treatment was 0.53 (95% CI: 0.42-0.64, p < .01). This result was also robust (fail-safe N = 774; z-value = 14.21).
