DSM-IV [29] diagnoses for all disorders were made algorithmically from SSAGA information. However for these analyses we also generated a DSM-5 [30] diagnosis for AUD in the following way. Individual alcohol symptoms were queried, starting with symptoms of DSM-IV alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse, adding craving and subtracting legal problems related to alcohol. Onset and offset of each symptom was recorded, making it possible to cluster symptoms that occurred by age. Thus the analyses presented here use DSM-5 AUD as an outcome variable while all other disorders are diagnosed by DSM-IV.
