agonists, whereas decreases in ethanol responses can be produced by inverse agonists and antagonists (see Grobin et al., 1998; Kumar et al., 2009, for reviews). Although some of the effects of low doses of ethanol (30-100 nM) appear to be mediated by interactions with GABAA receptors, ethanol has effects on a number of other molecular targets, such as other ligand gated ion channels, enzymes, as well as other proteins (Harris et al., 2008).