Psychological functioning was measured using the norm-based mental component score (NBMCS) from Version 2 of the Short Form 12 Health Survey (SF-12v2), standardized to a mean of 50 (range = 0 to 100) using standard norm-based scoring techniques (Ware et al., 2002), with higher scores indicative of better functioning. Alternate-form reliabilities of these scales are excellent in the general U.S. population, 0.89 and 0.86, respectively (Ware et al., 2002). The SF-12 scales have high levels of test-retest reliability (Bohannon et al., 2004), internal consistency (King et al., 2005; Resnick and Nahm, 2001) and convergent validity with respect to other indexes of physical and mental health (Salyers et al., 2000). Family history density of alcoholism was constructed using the algorithm proposed by Stoltenberg et al. (1998), where each alcoholic parent contributes 0.5 and each alcoholic grandparent contributes 0.25 (range = 0 to 2). Number of lifetime antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) symptoms (range = 0 to 33) was calculated from a list of 33 symptom items used to operationalize conduct disorder and ASPD in the AUDADIS-IV. Initiation of drinking before age 15
