with a subsequent activation of NOX at the cytoplasmic membrane, similar to protein tyrosine kinase-mediated activation of matrix metalloproteinases [13,16]. It is plausible because the complex enzyme NOX is active only when the cytosolic components of the regulatory subunits p47phox or p67phox protein become translocated to the plasma membrane on activation, which forms a p47phox-p22phox or p47phox-gp91 complex with the membrane subunits. Such a molecular mechanism of NOX activation by serine phosphorylation of p47phox [49,50] and that of XOX activation [51,52] after angiotensin II stimulation was shown in endothelial cells. We also note that ROS production by alcohol-induced activation of NOX appears to be more prominent than that of XOX activation.
