Recreational and potential medicinal usage of cannabis and derivatives is based on their perceived acute properties of inducing euphoria, relaxation and analgesia, as well as promoting sleep, appetite stimulation and other effects such as relief of chronic pain, nausea and vomiting. However, multiple adverse effects have been described in long-term users of cannabis, including possible development of psychosis [125] and increased depression and anxiety [108,126,127,128]. Evidence suggests that both short- and long-term use of cannabis heighten the risks for psychiatric illness. A clear example is the usual cognitive impairment observed in both acute and chronic cannabis users, which includes impaired short-term memory, motor coordination and control, sleep, executive functioning, as well as altered judgement, which, in sum, affect most aspects of regular day-to-day life of the users [125,129,130,131,132]. Additionally, high doses of cannabis, and more importantly, high content THC in some engineered cannabis plants and preparations can induce paranoia and psychosis even after single doses or short-term cannabis use and may even induce these in the long-term, structural brain modifications in younger brains [133,134]. Furthermore, chronic cannabis use has been
