Genetic studies of addiction are at a watershed—we have clearly identified some genetic contributors to addiction and we continue to explore the role of others using multiple methods and considering the pivotal role of environmental variation. The research described so far is made possible by growing collaboration and intellectual sharing across investigators from varying disciplines—such collaboration is critical now as technological advances allow us to study addiction from multiple integrated perspectives. To highlight the enormous potential of using multiple translational methods, Table 2 summarizes the application of a number of approaches outlined above to the study of nicotine addiction.
