Participants are members of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, a longitudinal investigation of the health and behavior of a representative birth cohort of consecutive births between April 1972 and March 1973 in Dunedin, New Zealand (Poulton, Moffitt, & Silva, 2015). The cohort of 1,037 children (52% boys) was constituted at age 3 as 91% of eligible births resident in the province. The cohort represents the full range of socioeconomic status on NZ’s South Island and matches the NZ National Health and Nutrition Survey on adult health indicators (e.g., BMI, smoking, GP visits). Cohort members are primarily white; approximately 7% self-identify as having any non-white ancestry, matching the South Island. Follow-up assessments were conducted at ages 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 18, 21, 26, 32, and most recently 38, when 95% of the 1,007 living study members underwent assessment in 2010–2012. Informed consent from living Study members was obtained at the age-38 assessment for administrative record searches. Institutional review boards of the participating universities approved the study protocol.
