of environmental transmission from parental separation to alcohol problems (D’Onofrio et al., 2005, 2007), but equivocal regarding timing on alcohol use (D’ Onofrio et al., 2006). Analyses that model genetic and environmental risks from both parental substance dependence and parental separation would advance this line of inquiry (for a review, see McAdams et al., 2014). There are also limits to generalizability of the present findings. Our sample is predominantly Caucasian, and extension to other racial/ethnic groups is critical. Lastly, not all offspring had passed through the peak period of risk for the onset of alcohol problems, although this limitation may be overcome with additional data collection as the sample ages.
