Within the HR group there were 16 (7 male; 9 female) subjects in the exposed group and 25 subjects (20 female; 5 male) in the non-exposed group. The average age of the exposed group was 26.88 ± 2.85 years and the non-exposed group was 27.84 ± 4.04 years. There were no differences by gender (p = 0.108), age (p = 0.411), and SES (p = 0.207) between the two groups. Whole brain VBM analysis (with covariates of gender, ICV, personal use of alcohol and cigarettes, prenatal exposure to drugs and cigarettes) revealed that prenatal alcohol exposure was associated with reduced volumes of the left middle temporal region (p = 0.009) (Figure 8 and Table 5a) and the right middle cingulum (p = 0.002) (Figure 9).
