Despite well-documented associations between early substance involvement and both parental alcoholism and parental separation, risks to offspring associated with parental separation have received limited attention in COA research. Using data drawn from a population-representative sample of European and African ancestry female twins, we examined onset of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug involvement as a joint function of parental separation during childhood and parental history of alcohol dependence, with survival and propensity score analyses conducted separately by race/ethnicity.
