converging at high consumption levels. This pattern has been repeatedly described in National Alcohol Survey (NAS) data, with remarkable effect sizes. For example, Mulia et al. (2009) reported that among drinkers reporting no/little heavy drinking, Black and Latino males had 5.5 and 4.8 times the odds respectively of 2+ dependence symptoms, vs. White males; among moderate heavy drinkers, odds of 2+ dependence symptoms were 4.1 and 2.2 times greater for Black and Latino than White males. Bivariate tests also compared DSM-IV dependence overall and showed that, compared to White drinkers (at 2.9%), Black drinkers were twice as likely to report dependence (at 5.9%), and Latino drinkers almost three times as likely (at 8.0%). Witbrodt et al. (2014) showed that such disparities are most pervasive for men, though symptom counts were also higher among Black than White women when controlling for heavy drinking. Notably, racial/ethnic differences in overall prevalence of alcohol use disorders do not follow this same pattern, with national studies comparing Blacks, Latinos, and Whites reporting mixed results across time, disorder type, and gender (Caetano and Clark, 1998; Grant et al., 2015; Hasin and Grant, 2004; Kandel et al., 1997; Mulia et al., 2009; Smith et al., 2006; Zemore
