At the initial assessment, adolescents were interviewed about their symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), CD, AAB, and substance disorders. At Time 1 only, their mothers also reported on their symptoms of ADHD, ODD, CD, and substance disorders. A symptom was considered present if either informant reported it present and absent if they agreed on its absence. At the two follow-up assessments, the young men were interviewed about lifetime substance use disorders, CD, and AAB. At the second follow-up, they reported on substance disorders since the previous assessment and lifetime CD and AAB. The fathers’ interviewers were unaware of offspring diagnoses and vice versa. Kappa coefficients for the diagnoses used in this study ranged from 0.71 for ODD to 0.91 for substance use disorders (Iacono et al., 1999), suggesting good to excellent reliability.
