Twenty-five traits had immune enrichment at FDR<5% in either the multiple tissue analysis of gene expression or in the analysis of chromatin data. This includes many immunological disorders: celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, inflammatory bowel disease, lupus, primary biliary cirrhosis, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, ulcerative colitis, asthma, eczema, and multiple sclerosis. It also includes Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, which are neurodegenerative diseases with an immune component previously identified from genetics75,76, as well as several brain-related traits—ADHD, anorexia nervosa, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, Tourette syndrome, and neuroticism—and HDL, LDL, triglycerides, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, hypertension, and BMI. Several of the brain-related traits have been previously suggested to have an immune component32,77,78; HDL, LDL, and triglycerides have been linked to immune activation79–82; immune cells are causally involved in blood pressure and hypertension83; and obesity, in addition to contributing to inflammation84, can also be induced in mice through alterations of the immune system85.
