Manipulating DNMT function in the brain using these approaches enables us to understand the the functioning of these pathways at the molecular level following alcohol exposure. However, DNA methylation/demethylation is a crucial process involved in normal development and physiological function, with dysregulation of these pathways causing a myriad of pathologies. Therefore DNMT inhibition has to be specific and carefully controlled since non-methylation specific effects in pathways other than those intended, can influence several concurrent phenotypes. Moreover as mentioned above HDAC inhibition can also have cross-talk with DNMT function. Caveats such as these stress the need for a refinement of our scientific tools in order to increase understanding of the epigenetic basis and treat a complex disorder such as addiction.
