finding was reported in mice (Sparrow et al., 2012), corroborating results from a study showing reduced ethanol intake in Y2R knockout mice (Thiele et al., 2002). However, in another study systemic (sc.) or central (icv.) administration of a brain-penetrant Y2 antagonist did not alter operant responding for alcohol or stress (foot-shock)-induced reinstatement of alcohol responding in rats, although the drug was effective reducing withdrawal-related anxiety (Cippitelli et al., 2011).